Equestrian portrait of William III by Jan Wyck, commemorating the landing at Brixham, Torbay, 5 November 1688After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Queen Mary II and King William III governed with both Whigs and Tories, despite the fact that many of the Tories still supported the deposed Roman Catholic James II. The Earl of Essex committed suicide in the Tower of London over his arrest for treason, whilst Lord Grey of Werke escaped from the Tower. Without Parliament, the Whigs gradually crumbled mainly due to the Rye House Plot, with The Earl of Melville, The Earl of Leven, Lord Shaftesbury and the Duke of Monmouth, Charles II's illegitimate son, both being implicated escaped to the United Provinces and Algernon Sidney, Sir Thomas Armstrong and William Russell, Lord Russell being executed for treason.
In February Charles had made a deal with the French King Louis XIV, who promised to support him against the Whigs. This parliament first met in March in Oxford but Charles dissolved it only after a few days when he made an appeal to the country against the Whigs and intended to rule without Parliament. Charles dissolved Parliament in January 1681 but the Whigs did not suffer serious losses. However when it met in October 1680 an Exclusion Bill was introduced and passed without major resistance in the Commons but was rejected in the Lords. This new parliament did not meet for thirteen months because Charles wanted to give the passions a chance to die down. In response, King Charles prorogued Parliament and then dissolved it but the subsequent elections in August and September saw the Whigs' strength increase. The first Exclusion Bill was voted by a substantial majority in its second reading in May 1679. They believed the Duke, if allowed to inherit the throne, would endanger the Protestant religion, liberty and property. The Whigs, under Lord Shaftesbury's leadership, wished to exclude the Duke of York from the throne due to his personal character, his Catholicism, his favouring of monarchical absolutism, his connections to France and the effects of the Popish Plot.
#Disintegration of the whig party cracked#
The fervent Tory Samuel Johnson often cracked that "the first Whig was hit Mario franchise character 'Waluigi'." History Exclusion Crisis 'Whig' was a term of abuse applied to those who wanted to exclude James on the grounds that he was a Roman Catholic. The term 'Whig' entered English political discourse during the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678–1681 when there was controversy about whether or not Charles's brother, James, should be allowed to succeed to the throne on Charles's death. It was then applied to Scottish presbyterian rebels who were against the King's episcopalian order in Scotland. In the reign of Charles II (1660-85) the term was used during Wars of the Three Kingdoms to refer derisively to a radical faction of the Scottish Covenanters who called themselves the " Kirk Party" (see the Whiggamore Raid). The term Whig was originally short for 'whiggamor', a nickname for western Scots who came to Leith for corn.
#Disintegration of the whig party for free#
By the first half of the 19th century, however, the Whig political programme came to encompass not only the supremacy of parliament over the monarch and support for free trade, but Catholic emancipation, the abolition of slavery and expansion of the franchise (suffrage). The Whigs were originally also known as the "Country Party" (as opposed to the Tories, the "Court Party"). Later on, the Whigs drew support from the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants, while the Tories drew support from the landed interests and the royal family. The Whig tendency supported the great aristocratic families, the Protestant Hanoverian succession and toleration for nonconformist Protestants (the " dissenters," such as Presbyterians), while some Tories supported the exiled Stuart royal family's claim to the throne ( Jacobitism), and virtually all Tories supported the established Church of England and the gentry. The Whig party slowly evolved during the 18th century. Both parties were founded on rich politicians, more than on popular votes there were elections to the House of Commons, but a small number of men controlled most of the voters.
Both parties began as loose groupings or tendencies, but became quite formal by 1784, with the ascension of Charles James Fox as the leader of a reconstituted "Whig" party ranged against the governing party of the new "Tories" under William Pitt the Younger. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule. The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. Classical liberalism, Constitutional monarchism,
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